反应釜的使用须知

在使用设备前须知

Please carefully read the following information before operation.

微型反应釜适合少量样品的反应，是昂贵或低产量原材料样品测试的理想反应装置。广泛用于催化反应，加氢反应 与高分子合成等反应,涵盖石油化工、化学、制药、高分子合成，冶金等诸多领域。

 Micro reactor, suitable for the reaction of a small amount of samples, is a perfect reaction device to test expensive or low-yield material samples. It is widely used in catalytic reaction, hydrogenation reaction and polymer synthesis reaction in petrochemical, chemical, pharmaceutical, polymer synthesis and metallurgy industries.

适用于气液两相 液液两相 放热反应 组成测试 稳定性测试 腐蚀性测试 精细化工 超临界反应 催化剂评价等应用领域。

It is applicable to gas-liquid/liquid-liquid reaction, exothermic reaction, composition test, stability test, corrosion test, fine chemistry, supercritical reaction and catalyst evaluation.

主要特点

Main Features

◎釜体采用优质不锈钢316L材质（非标材质可定制），压力显示，防爆膜，进、出气阀设置，功能齐全。

The reactor body is made of high quality stainless steel 316L (Customizable for non-standard materials), and pressure display, explosion-proof membrane and inlet/outlet valves are provided with complete functions.

◎专门开发的“微电脑处理器+三级PID”控制系统，相校与传统反应釜控制方式，具有控更小的温度超温、更快的稳定时 间、更好的控温精度等优点。

Compared with traditional reactor control mode, the "microcomputer processor + 3-stage PID" control system, which is independently developed, is featured by smaller over-temperature control, faster stable time and better temperature control accuracy.

◎双环控制，搅拌速度更准确——搅拌采用速度环、电流环双环控制，加减速度时间设定，电机功率设定，故障报警功能。

Dual-loop control and accurate mixing speed: Speed loop and current loop are used for mixing, including speed/time setting, motor power setting and fault alarm functions.

◎ 产品经第三方机构测试，抗干扰性能符合工业条件下电磁兼容的要求。

The product has been tested by the third party agency and its anti-interference performance meets the electromagnetic compatibility requirements under industrial conditions.

 1.实验室严禁烟火并需配备灭火设备。

Fire is strictly prohibited in the laboratory and fire-fighting equipment must be provided.

 2.实验过程中若有易燃易爆气体产生，实验室中所有电器必须是防爆的，实验工作人员不可穿带钉皮鞋，以防止打火花，建议穿胶鞋或布鞋。

In case flammable and explosive gas is produced during the test, all electrical appliances in the laboratory must be explosion-proof. The test staff shall not wear leather shoes with nails in order to prevent sparks. Rubber or cloth shoes are recommended.

 3.请仔细了解用户应承担的义务和责任。

Please fully understand the obligations and responsibilities of users.

 4.任何使用高压反应釜的实验人员，需在仔细阅读使用手册后，方可允许上岗位操作，并在实验过程中，不得擅自离岗。应严密监视操作过程中的温度和压力变化，以便在发生超 温或超压情况之前，及时采取断电和卸压等应急措施，防止事故发生。注意温度在摄氏100度之内，容器内的压力接近 一个大气压，摄氏100以后开始压力上升较慢，但此时容器的压力为温度的3次方函数，到摄氏200度以后，压力上升会非常快，若无人值守，极易造成事故。

Any test staff using high pressure reactor can only operate after reading this manual carefully and shall not leave without permission during the test. Closely monitor the temperature and pressure changes during the operation so as to prevent the accident by means of power cut and pressure relief in time before the occurrence of over temperature or overpressure.  Please note that if the temperature is within 100 ℃, the pressure in the reactor is close to one atmospheric pressure. After  100 ℃ or above is reached, the pressure will rise slowly. The pressure in the reactor is a cubic function of the temperature. After it reaches 200 ℃ or above, the pressure will rise very quickly. If no one is available, it is very easy to cause the accident.

 5.若果用户要在容器中加入有压力的气体，建议先加温，后加压。但气压源的压力应超过此时容器中的压力，否则容器中的压力会反冲向气压源，为避免反冲发生，建议充气 管路中加一个单向阀，如果用户要先加压后加温，则应考虑到在加温时这部分气体的压力会成倍上升，在摄氏300度时有可能上升10倍。再加上容器内液体的饱和蒸汽压，极易 造成容器超压。此时若无人值守，极易造成超压事故。

The user is willing to add pressurized gas into the reactor, it is recommended to raise the pressure after heating. However, the pressure of the air pressure source shall exceed the pressure in the reactor; otherwise the pressure in the reactor will recoil at the air pressure source. In order to avoid recoil, it is recommended to add a one-way valve in the supply line. If the user wants to heat up after pressurization, it shall be considered that the pressure of this part of gas will be multiplied during the heating, and it may rise 10 times at 300℃. In addition, the saturated vapor pressure in the reactor can easily cause overpressure. If no one is available at this time, it is easy to cause the overpressure accident.

6.容器的工作温度和工作压力中任何一项都不得超过合同上规定的指标。用户有责任对其将进行的化学反应体系的温度、压力、物理和化学性质进行全面的调研，以保证所选择的反应条件是在购置的反应釜的安全限定操作条件内。

Neither the max. working temperature nor the max. working pressure of the reactor shall not exceed the value specified in the contract. The user has the responsibility to carry out the research on the temperature, pressure, physical and chemical properties of the chemical reaction system so as to ensure that the selected reaction conditions are within the safe operating conditions of the purchased reactor. 

 7.用户有责任正确选择工作介质和试验过程中化学反应的性质，保证不损坏设备或造成人身事故，岩征对此不负任何责任，因为他们并不知道用户要做什么试验。如果要使用腐蚀性介质，用户必需能抗腐蚀的供应容器。严禁使用具有爆炸性的试验介质或选择具有爆炸反应的化学反应试验。注意，爆炸性的反应，防爆片可能来不及破裂，容器就被破坏了。

User shall select the correct working medium and the nature of chemical reaction during the test, make sure not to damage the equipment or cause personal injury. Yansheng is not responsible for that, because it does not know what test the user is going to do. If corrosive media are to be used, the user must provide corrosion-proof reactor. It is forbidden to use explosive medium or choose the chemical test with explosive reaction. Please note that in case of explosive reaction, the reactor will be damaged before the rupture disk bursts in time.

 8.请注意，允许的工作压力应低于70%的防爆片的爆破压力，而不要大于或等于防爆片的爆破压力。岩征是根据用户要求的工作压力选择防爆片的爆破压力的。当容器压力 超过用户要求的工作压力时防爆片就会破裂。

Please note that the maximum working pressure shall be less than 70% of the burst pressure of the rupture disk, not greater than or equal to the burst pressure of the rupture disk. Yanzheng selects the burst pressure according to the working pressure required by the user. When the pressure of the reactor exceeds such working pressure, the rupture disk will burst.

 9.有18中基团会引起爆炸反应：

9. There are 18 chemical groups to cause the explosive reaction:

·乙炔化物-Acetylide

·氧化铵-Amine Qxide

·叠氮化物-Azide

·氯酸盐-Chlorate

·重氨基-Diazo

·重盐-Diazonium

·次石盐-Hypohalite

·硝酸盐-Nitrate

·亚硝酸盐-Nitrite

·含硝基的化合物-Nitro

·Nitrozo

·臭氧化物-Qzonide

·雷酸盐-Fuiminate

·高酸-Peracid

·N-胺卤化物N-Haloamine

·过氯酸盐-Per chlorate

·过氧化氢物-Hydroperoxide

·过氧化氢-peroxide

 10.在开始使用高压容器前必需考虑到以下问题：

User must consider the following questions before using the high pressure reactor:

 你从事的化学反应是否为放热反应?反应过程中如果产生大量的热则会突然剧烈的升高容器内的压力，使容器发生破坏。

Is the chemical reaction you are doing in is exothermic? If a large amount of heat is generated during the reaction, the pressure in the reactor will be suddenly and violently increased to damage the reactor.

你从事的化学反应会有什么副产品产生？它们有什么特性（易燃，易爆，有毒等等）？

What by-products will be produced during the reaction? What are their characteristics (flammable, explosive, toxic, etc)?

过程中会产生多大的温度和压力？

What is the maximum temperature and pressure produced during the reaction?

你从事的化学反应在什么条件下（什么样的温度，压力，催化剂作用下）会产生失控现象?

Under what conditions (temperature, pressure or catalyst) will the chemical reaction be out of control?

对于具有高度活性的化合物，如乙炔-acetylene，丁二烯-butadiene，二氧杂环乙烷-dioxane，乙烯氧化物-ethylene oxide，氧气-oxygen和其他一切强氧化剂，操作时必需特别小心。

Special care must be taken to deal with highly active compounds such as acetylene, butadiene, dioxane, ethylene oxide, oxygen and other strong oxidants.

对任何会突然释放大量热量的试验，对会产生爆炸性副产品或终产品的试验也要特别小心。

Special care must be taken for any test that will suddenly release a large amount of heat and which may produce explosive by-products/final products.

如果你用新的或性能不清楚的材料做试验，建议你先用少量的试验剂做初步试验，以了解其性能和试验过程中可能产生的问题。

If you use new or unclear materials for the test, it is recommended to conduct the preliminary test with a small amount of reagent to understand their properties and possible problems during the test.

 11.实验室必需通风良好，反应容器要放在实验室的排风罩或排风口附近。必要时，尤其是有可燃或有毒气体产生的可能时，要增加装置将排出的气体导室外。必要时要使用 防护墙以保证试验的安全，此时注意到应该使用钢筋水泥做防护墙，不能用玻璃或钢化玻璃做防护墙。

The laboratory must be well ventilated and the reactor shall be placed near the exhaust hood or air outlet. When necessary, especially when it is possible to produce flammable or toxic gas, more ventilation devices shall be provided to remove the gas outside. If necessary, the protective wall shall be used to ensure the safety of the test. Please note that reinforced cement, rather than glass or reinforced glass, shall be used for the protective wall.

 12.试验室请不要靠近容器的顶部，因为在防爆片破裂时会释放出大量的过热蒸汽，易燃或有毒气体，产生巨大的噪声，伤害人体和破坏听觉。如有这种现象产生的可能时，则 要用管子将防爆片的出口连到室外，并采取保护耳膜的措施。

The laboratory shall not be close to the top of the reactor, because a large amount of superheated steam, flammable or toxic gas will be released when the rupture disk bursts, which will also produce huge noise to harm human body and damage hearing. In that case, the outlet of the rupture disk shall be connected to the outdoor or take measures to protect the eardrum.

 13.试验中如有可能产生易燃，易爆气体，所有的电器装备必需采取防爆措施。应将防爆的电器总闸设在室外。

If flammable and explosive gas is produced during the test, explosion-proof measures must be taken for all electrical appliances. The explosion-proof main switch shall be placed outdoors.

 14.一般试验材料的装载量不得超过容器体积的三分之二，因为有些介质（譬如水）在高温下体积会膨胀三倍以上，是压力突然升高，超过允许的压力极限。建议尽量用小的装 载量进行试验。

Generally, the amount of test materials shall not exceed 2/3 of the reactor volume, because some media (e.g. water) will expand more than three times at high temperature to suddenly raise the pressure and exceed the permitted pressure limit. It is recommended to carry out the test with a small amount.

 15.建议不要使用很高的工作温度或压力进行试验，因为在实验过程中由于化学反应，容器的温度和压力都会进一步升高，大到不能允许的程度。

It is recommended not to use the maximum working temperature/pressure for the test, because the temperature and pressure of the reactor will further increase to an unacceptable level due to chemical reaction.

 16.不要用砂纸打磨、清理容器。这会降低容器的承压能力。

Do not use sandpaper to polish or clean the reactor as it will reduce the pressure bearing capacity of the reactor.

 17.应该均匀地，逐步地用规定的力矩拧紧容器的密封螺帽，使各个螺栓达到一样的应力状态。不要一下子拧紧某些螺帽，然后再拧紧其他螺帽。这样被先拧紧的螺栓中的应 力会大大高于其他螺栓，是螺纹产生变形。螺帽不要拧得过紧或过松。过松会导致密封压力不够，产生漏气。过紧会使螺栓过载，甚损坏。

It is necessary to tighten the sealing nuts of the reactor evenly and gradually with the specified torque, so that all bolts bear the same stress. Do not tighten some nuts at first and then others. In that case, the stress of the bolts tightened first will be much higher than that of others. It will cause deformation of the thread. Do not over tighten or loosen the nuts. Too loose will lead to insufficient sealing pressure and leakage while over tightening will overload or damage the bolts.

 18.新容器做试验时可用50%装载量的蒸馏水，加温到150℃，以检验容器的密封情况和各控制系统的运行情况。

When new reactor is used, the distilled water (50%) can be heated to 150℃ to check the sealing of the reactor and the operation of each control system.

 19.实验前，检查垫圈的状态，如损坏，需及时更换；如发现起了毛边，用小刀轻轻刮去。

Check the washer before the test. Replace in time if it is damaged. If burr occurs, remove it gently with a knife.